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Original Research | Pathology | Volume 15 Issue 7, July 2026 | Pages: 1835 - 1842 | India
Seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C among Blood Donors at a Tertiary Care Center
Abstract: Background: Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs), particularly Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), remain major challenges to blood safety worldwide. Regular surveillance of these infections among blood donors is essential to ensure safe transfusion practices and to monitor disease trends in the community. Objectives: 1) To analyze the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), among blood donors. 2) To assess the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), namely HIV, HBV, and HCV, among male and female blood donors. 3) To determine the incidence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including HIV, HBV, and HCV, among blood donors aged 18-60 years. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Blood Bank, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, from July 2023 to February 2025. A total of 11,111 eligible blood donors were included after obtaining informed consent. Donor demographic details, blood group, donor type, and relevant clinical information were recorded using a standardized donor registration form. All donated blood units were screened for HIV, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HCV using standard serological assays as per national blood transfusion guidelines. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and the Chi-square test was applied to determine statistical significance, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Results: Among the 11,111 blood donors, G7.5% (n = 10,834) were males and 2.5% (n = 277) were females. The majority of donors belonged to the 21-30 years age group (55.1%), followed by the 31-40 years age group (35.0%), with a mean age of 30.12 ± 6.G7 years. Voluntary donors constituted 86.6% (n = G,624) of the donor population, while 13.4% (n= 1,487) were replacement donors. O positive was the most common blood group (47.8%), followed by B positive (18.5%) and A positive (16.5%). The overall seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections was 0.4G% (54/11,111). HBV was the most prevalent infection, with 34 (0.31%) seropositive donors, followed by HIV with 18 (0.16%) and HCV with 2 (0.02%) seropositive donors. All seropositive cases were detected among male donors. Most HIV- and HBV-positive donors belonged to the 21-40 years age group. B positive blood group accounted for the highest proportion of HIV- and HBV-seropositive donors; however, there was no statistically significant association between blood group and seropositivity (p = 0.369) or between age group and seropositivity (p = 0.339). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a low seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV among blood donors, indicating the effectiveness of current donor selection criteria and mandatory serological screening practices in ensuring blood safety. HBV remained the most prevalent transfusion-transmissible infection among donors. Continued promotion of voluntary blood donation, enhanced female donor participation, strict donor screening, and implementation of more sensitive screening methods such as nucleic acid testing (NAT), wherever feasible, are recommended to further improve transfusion safety.
Keywords: Blood donors, Transfusion-transmissible infections, HIV, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Seroprevalence, Blood safety, Voluntary blood donation
How to Cite?: Dr. Shivangi Chaudhari, Dr. Gautam Chauhan, Dr. Meeta Parikh, "Seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C among Blood Donors at a Tertiary Care Center", Volume 15 Issue 7, July 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1835-1842, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26721164416, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26721164416