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Research Paper | Life Sciences | Volume 15 Issue 4, April 2026 | Pages: 1193 - 1204 | India
Seasonal Assessment of Fluoride Contamination in Drinking Water Aquifers of Kota District, Rajasthan
Abstract: Fluoride contamination in groundwater has emerged as a critical environmental and public health concern in several parts of India, particularly in the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. This study presents a comprehensive seasonal assessment of fluoride levels in drinking water aquifers across Kota District, Rajasthan, during pre-monsoon (May 2023) and post-monsoon (November 2023) periods. A total of 45 groundwater samples were collected from different locations and analyzed for fluoride concentration using ion-selective electrode method. Results revealed that 64.4% of samples during pre-monsoon and 48.9% during post-monsoon exceeded the permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L set by WHO and BIS. Fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.42 to 4.87 mg/L (mean: 2.13 mg/L) in pre-monsoon and 0.38 to 3.96 mg/L (mean: 1.68 mg/L) in post-monsoon seasons. Spatial distribution maps indicated higher fluoride levels in southern and eastern parts of the district. The study establishes a significant seasonal variation (p<0.05) with dilution effects observed during post-monsoon period. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between fluoride and pH, electrical conductivity, and bicarbonate ions. The findings underscore the urgent need for implementation of defluoridation measures and regular monitoring programs to safeguard public health in the affected regions.
Keywords: Fluoride contamination, Groundwater quality, Seasonal variation, Kota District, Pre-monsoon, Post-monsoon, Hydrogeochemistry, Water quality index
How to Cite?: Priyanshi Sharma, Dr. Shikha Verma, "Seasonal Assessment of Fluoride Contamination in Drinking Water Aquifers of Kota District, Rajasthan", Volume 15 Issue 4, April 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1193-1204, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26414124111, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26414124111