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Review Papers | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | Volume 15 Issue 3, March 2026 | Pages: 436 - 442 | India
45S5 Bioactive Glass: Comprehensive Swot Analysis and Future Prospects in Tissue Engineering
Abstract: 45S5 bioactive glass (Bioglass®), introduced by Larry Hench in 1969, remains a foundational material in regenerative medicine due to its excellent ability to form a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer and directly bond with bone and soft tissues [1-3]. This review presents a structured SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis to critically assess the material's current applications and upcoming prospects. The strengths of 45S5 lie in its remaining bioactivity, stimulatory ion release (Ca2+, Na+, PO43-), and wide-ranging clinical authentication in craniofacial, dental, and orthopedic fields [4-7]. Its chemical effortlessness, scalability, and role as a standard in biomaterials research further emphasize its significance [8-10]. However, prominent weaknesses include poor mechanical strength, brittleness, high sodium content, and a slight thermal processing window that complicates scaffold fabrication and sintering [11-13]. Emerging opportunities encompass the development of composites, ion-doped derivatives, mesoporous architectures, and additive manufacturing to enhance mechanical properties and functionality [14-17]. The combination of ions such as Ag+, Sr2+, or Zn2+ offers further antibacterial and osteogenic capabilities [18]. Additive manufacturing techniques also cover the way for patient-specific scaffolds with tailored degradation and bioactivity profiles [19]. Conversely, 45S5 faces intimidation from next-generation glasses like borate-based and 13-93 compositions, which offer greater mechanical properties or bio functionality [20-22]. Regulatory hurdles, biological variability, and environmental concerns linked to high-temperature processing pose further challenges [23-25]. In conclusion, while 45S5 bioactive glass is not without limitations, its verified performance and adaptability ensure its continued relevance. Strategic innovations across composition, structure, and processing are key to maintaining its clinical utility and expanding its role in personalized regenerative therapies.
Keywords: 45S5 bioactive glass, bone bonding ability, ion release therapy, scaffold design challenges, regenerative medicine applications
How to Cite?: Shikari Rajasri, "45S5 Bioactive Glass: Comprehensive Swot Analysis and Future Prospects in Tissue Engineering", Volume 15 Issue 3, March 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 436-442, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26305152415, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26305152415