Hypoxic Indoctrination and Recognition Training for Submariners and Divers: Advancing Safety and Preparedness

Dr. Divya Singh, Dr. Kuldeep Kumar Ashta

Abstract: Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration in body tissues, poses a critical risk to submariners and divers due to the potential for rapid cognitive and physiological decline. This article reviews the mechanisms, symptoms, and operational risks associated with hypoxia, emphasizing the importance of recognizing individual hypoxic signatures to enhance early intervention. Drawing from literature searches on PUBMED, it discusses training strategies such as hypoxia indoctrination for improving awareness, operational safety, and preventive capabilities. The review also addresses ethical, procedural, and technical considerations in implementing controlled hypoxic exposure, offering practical insights into improving safety in underwater and submersible operations. The findings highlight the need for enhanced monitoring, personalized training, and preventive protocols to safeguard human life in extreme environments. Methodology: Article searched on PUBMED with search words hypoxia, submarine and hypoxia, diving and hypoxic signature. A total of 15 article was searched using the key words. Due to lack of studies conducted in this field all significant article included in hypoxia and hypoxic signatures were used.

Keywords: Hypoxia, Hypoxicator, Hypoxic Signature, Normobaric Hypoxia; Time of Useful Consciousness

How to Cite?: Dr. Divya Singh, Dr. Kuldeep Kumar Ashta, "Hypoxic Indoctrination and Recognition Training for Submariners and Divers: Advancing Safety and Preparedness", Volume 14 Issue 8, August 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 490-494, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25810081253, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25810081253