Detection of Biofilm Formation in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria from Clinical Samples and their Antibiogram in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lucknow

Umme Fatima

Abstract: Background: Biofilm-forming bacteria are recognized as a major contributor to persistent infections, particularly in hospital and device-associated settings. The structural and functional complexity of biofilms provides bacteria with enhanced protection against antimicrobial agents, leading to chronic infections, prolonged hospital stays, and frequent treatment failures. Objectives: This study aimed to detect biofilm formation among Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical isolates and to assess the correlation between biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Microbiology Department of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow. A total of 150 clinical isolates were obtained from various specimens, including blood, urine, pus, and respiratory samples. Biofilm formation was evaluated using the Congo Red Agar (CRA) method, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed following CLSI guidelines using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 isolates, 18% were identified as strong biofilm producers, 17.33% as weak producers, and 64.67% as non-biofilm producers. Among the isolates, Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) showed the highest biofilm-producing ability. A significant association was observed between biofilm formation and resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights the growing prevalence of biofilm-forming, multidrug-resistant pathogens in clinical settings. Routine screening for biofilm formation should be implemented to guide antibiotic therapy and improve clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Biofilm, Antibiotic resistance, Congo Red Agar, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Multidrug resistance

How to Cite?: Umme Fatima, "Detection of Biofilm Formation in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria from Clinical Samples and their Antibiogram in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lucknow", Volume 14 Issue 7, July 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1580-1582, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25724085407, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25724085407