Groundwater in Bihar at a Crossroad - A Review of Groundwater Quality

Govind Kumar, Rameswar Behera, Deepti Prava Sahoo, Milusan Nayak

Abstract: Groundwater is the most utilized source for drinking water, and its quality in recent times is at alarming stage. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review on the groundwater quality of the state Bihar by compiling data of more than 8, 000 locations from published studies/reports. A total of 13 parameters were concluded finally. Out of the total studied parameters, Bhojpur and Siwan districts were found exceeding the permissible limits of more than 10 parameters, while Sitamarhi was found exceeding the permissible limit in only 3 parameters. Most prevailing parameters exceeding Permissible Limit in majority of the districts were Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca²⁺), Magnesium (Mg²⁺), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Chloride (Cl^-), Nitrate (NO₃^-), and Fluoride (F^-). This widespread prevalence of non-compliance with BIS standards highlights significant concerns regarding water quality and underscores the need for measures to mitigate the adverse impacts on public health. The results also highlight the need for targeted water quality management and mitigation strategies in the concerned districts, while maintaining relatively better conditions in rest ones. The findings of this research paper are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers, water resource managers, and researchers involved in groundwater management and quality improvement in Bihar and India.

Keywords: Groundwater quality, Heavy metals Contamination, physicochemical properties, SDG, Bihar

How to Cite?: Govind Kumar, Rameswar Behera, Deepti Prava Sahoo, Milusan Nayak, "Groundwater in Bihar at a Crossroad - A Review of Groundwater Quality", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1072-1079, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251015133205, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251015133205