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Experimental Result Paper | Nursing | India | Volume 12 Issue 11, November 2023
Effectiveness of Ice Pack Application on Pain and Bruise among Patients Receiving Subcutaneous Heparin Injections
Shakina Esther Rani J. | Premila Lee [2] | Balasaraswathy Seetharaman | Edwin Stephen
Abstract: Heparin preparations are widely used for the post surgical prophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. Subcutaneous heparin injection often causes problems such as bruise and pain at the injection site. Bruising may lead to anxiety in patients, and reduction of the reliance of patient to nurse. The study intended to assess pain and bruise in patients receiving subcutaneous heparin injection with standard care and ice application. Further to evaluate the effectiveness of ice application on prevention/ reduction of pain and bruise in patients receiving subcutaneous heparin injection and to identify the association between the post test scores of pain and bruise in patients receiving subcutaneous heparin with ice application and standard care and their selected demographic and clinical variables. Hence using Quantitative approach, an experimental study with post - test control group design was undertaken with 120 samples in general medical and surgical wards. Patients who were available for atleast 3 days after starting injections were included in the study. Patients with cognitive impairment, dermatological disorders and on insulin were excluded from the study. Subjects were randomly allocated into control and experimental group using block randomization. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Control group received injection using standard care and experimental group received injection with ice application. Numerical rating scale was used to assess pain and bruise was measured using Bruise measurement scale at 48 hours and 72 hours. Results demonstrated that the median pain among subjects in control group was 2.0 and with experimental group was 1.0. The median difference in pain was 1.0 and was found to be statistically significant (p <.000). Similarly median score of bruising was 1.0 with control group and with experimental group was 2.0 and there was an evidence of statistical significance (p<.000) at 48 hours. The median score of bruising at 72 hours was 1.0 and 2.0 with ice pack application and standard care respectively. There was an evidence of statistical significance (p<.000). Bruising was significantly associated with the age and gender of the subjects. The study findings highlighted that ice application was found to be effective in reducing pain and bruising in the patients receiving subcutaneous heparin injection.
Keywords: Ice pack, Pain, Bruise, Subcutaneous Heparin injection
Edition: Volume 12 Issue 11, November 2023,
Pages: 2066 - 2074