Comprehensive Review of Diabetic Retinopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Screening, Treatment, and Long-Term Outcomes

Manjunatha H. R., Shashidhara B.

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant microvascular complication of diabetes, leading to vision impairment and blindness, particularly in working-age adults. This review synthesizes existing literature on the epidemiology, risk factors, screening methods, treatment advancements, and long-term outcomes associated with DR. The global prevalence of DR is increasing, driven by rising diabetes rates, necessitating a greater focus on preventive measures and early detection strategies. Key risk factors, including glycemic control, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are discussed in detail. The review also highlights various screening techniques, such as fundus photography and optical coherence tomography, which facilitate timely diagnosis. Treatment modalities, including laser therapies and pharmacotherapy, are examined for their efficacy in managing DR and preventing progression. Finally, the review emphasizes the importance of public health initiatives and ongoing research to enhance awareness, improve access to care, and develop innovative therapeutic approaches. By understanding and addressing the multifaceted aspects of DR, healthcare providers can better manage this condition, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.

Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, risk factors, screening methods, treatment advancements, public health initiatives

How to Cite?: Manjunatha H. R., Shashidhara B., "Comprehensive Review of Diabetic Retinopathy: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Screening, Treatment, and Long-Term Outcomes", Volume 7 Issue 11, November 2018, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 2013-2018, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR181123144935, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR181123144935