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Research Paper | Pathology | Volume 15 Issue 6, June 2026 | Pages: 398 - 404 | India
Expression of Her2/neu and Ki-67 and their Correlation with Prognostic Factors in Urothelial Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder: A Prospective Observational Study
Abstract: Urinary bladder neoplasms are among the most common malignancies of the urinary tract, with urothelial carcinoma constituting the predominant histological subtype. Despite conventional histopathological grading and staging, variability in tumor behavior and prognosis necessitates the identification of additional molecular prognostic markers. Ki-67 and Her2/neu have emerged as important immunohistochemical biomarkers associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, progression, and therapeutic response. The present prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Her2/neu and Ki-67 in urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder and to correlate their expression with various clinicopathological prognostic factors. Histopathologically diagnosed cases of urothelial neoplasms were included and evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining along with immunohistochemistry for Her2/neu and Ki-67. The expression of these markers was correlated with tumor grade, stage, muscle invasion, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. The majority of patients belonged to the sixth decade of life with marked male predominance. Hematuria was the most common presenting symptom. High-grade urothelial carcinoma constituted the predominant histological subtype. Increased Ki-67 labeling index was significantly associated with higher tumor grade, muscle invasion, advanced pathological stage, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor necrosis. Her2/neu overexpression was more commonly observed in high-grade and muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas. Co-expression of Ki-67 and Her2/neu showed significant association with aggressive clinicopathological features and poor prognostic indicators. The study concludes that Ki-67 and Her2/neu are important prognostic biomarkers in urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Combined evaluation of these markers may improve prognostic stratification and assist in identifying patients with aggressive tumor behavior who may benefit from closer surveillance and targeted therapeutic approaches.
Keywords: Urothelial carcinoma, Her2/neu, Ki-67, Immunohistochemistry, Bladder neoplasm, Prognostic markers
How to Cite?: Ram Kumar, Akta Rasania, Kavita Sharma, Sunita Meena, "Expression of Her2/neu and Ki-67 and their Correlation with Prognostic Factors in Urothelial Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder: A Prospective Observational Study", Volume 15 Issue 6, June 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 398-404, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=MR26605230430, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/MR26605230430