Challenges in Diagnosis: A Case Report of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis and HIV - Associated Demyelination

Yamini Saraswathi Gurram, Bhavana Jala Nerella, Naga Sai Sri Harsha Narilla

Abstract: This case report sheds light on the challenges in diagnosing Toxoplasmosis due to its atypical presentation, making it difficult to distinguish from other demyelinating disorders. The patient presented with a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. HAART therapy was initiated, and a comprehensive assessment involving thorough medical history, along with microbiological and radiological evidence, was crucial for reaching the diagnosis. Although Toxoplasma is a common parasite, its manifestation in the early stages of the disease is exceedingly rare. Follow - up assessments of the patient demonstrated improvement, with a reduction in IgG antibody levels indicating the effectiveness of treatment, alongside the amelioration of weakness and other neurological symptoms. While the prognosis for this disease is generally poor, early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly improve outcomes.

Keywords: Cerebral Toxoplasmosis, HIV - 1 Antibodies, Neuromyelitis Optica, Demyelinating Disorders