Assessment of Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia

Ibrahim Abdelmajeed Ginawi, Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed, Awdah M. Al-hazimi

Abstract: Background: A number of risk factors are associated with increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with disease progression in many patients. Therefore, this study aimed at providing epidemiological data on the prevalence of risk factors for CKD in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methodology: Data were collected during cross sectional survey included 5000 Saudi selected from 30 primary health care centers (PHCs) in Hail Region. Results: The overall prevalence of risk factors for CKD in Hail was 75 %. The prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), continuous use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), herbal preparations and cigarette smoking were 5.3 %, 10.7 % and 13.5 %, and31 %, respectively. The correlation of high creatinine levels (>1.4mg/dl) have shown statistically significant differences with hypertension (p=0.0000, diabetes (p=0.000), obesity (P= 0.013), CVD (P< 0.05) and smoking (P=0.02). Conclusion: There are many risk factors significantly contributing to the development of CKD in Hail Region. Application of future prevention and control measures are highly recommended to reduce the burden of CKD.

Keywords: CKD, Risk factors, Hail, Saudi Arabia