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Research Paper | Anatomy and Histology | Volume 15 Issue 1, January 2026 | Pages: 1768 - 1770 | India
A Cross-Sectional Study of Facial Index of Bishnoi Population Living in Bikaner District
Abstract: Background: Facial index (FI) is an important craniofacial anthropometric parameter used to classify facial morphology and generate population-specific standards useful in clinical practice and forensic identification. Data on the Bishnoi community of Rajasthan are limited. Aim: To assess facial index and facial types among the Bishnoi population living in Bikaner district and evaluate gender-wise variation. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, S.P. Medical College & A.G. Hospital, Bikaner (January-July 2025). A total of 100 healthy adults (50 males, 50 females), aged 18-60 years, were selected. Facial height (nasion to gnathion/menton) was measured using a sliding caliper and facial breadth (bizygomatic breadth) using a spreading caliper, following Hooten?s method. Facial index was calculated and facial types were classified using standard criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and appropriate inferential tests with significance at p<0.05. Results: Mean facial height and breadth were higher in males (12.1±0.80 cm; 13.0±0.90 cm) than females (11.5±0.70 cm; 12.7±0.80 cm), indicating sexual dimorphism. The most common facial type overall was mesoprosopic (31%), followed by leptoprosopic (28%) and euryprosopic (21%); hyperleptoprosopic and hypereuryprosopic types were each observed in 10%. Males showed a higher proportion of mesoprosopic faces (34%), whereas females showed more leptoprosopic faces (30%). Conclusion: The Bishnoi population of Bikaner demonstrates predominantly mesoprosopic and leptoprosopic facial patterns with clear gender-based differences in facial dimensions. These findings provide baseline craniofacial data valuable for anthropological comparisons, forensic profiling, and clinical applications in maxillofacial and reconstructive practice.
Keywords: Anthropometry, Facial index, Craniofacial measurements, Bizygomatic breadth, Morphological facial height, Facial types, Sexual dimorphism, Bishnoi community, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Cross-sectional study, Forensic anthropology, Clinical anatomy
How to Cite?: Dr. Hemlata Gaur, Dr. Mohan Singh, "A Cross-Sectional Study of Facial Index of Bishnoi Population Living in Bikaner District", Volume 15 Issue 1, January 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1768-1770, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26121194705, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26121194705