A Biopsychosocial Rehabilitation Approach Integrating Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Case Series

Hellena Devi Yambem, Romi Singh Nongmaithem, Sithara Manikandan, Sumit Debnath, Manibhushan Yaikhom

Abstract: Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Chronic low back pain (LBP), defined as low back pain persisting for more than 3 months, is a multifactorial condition influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. A biopsychosocial rehabilitation approach integrating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing pain, disability, and fear-avoidance. Methods: Four patients with chronic LBP, along with functional limitations and psychosocial risk factors such as fear-avoidance, catastrophizing, stress, and anxiety, were included. Each patient received an individualized rehabilitation program consisting of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques, pain neuroscience education (PNE), graded exposure, and exercise therapy. Outcome were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functional disability, and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) for fear-avoidance, assessed at baseline and 6 weeks of intervention. Results: All patients demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in pain, disability, and fear avoidance. VAS improved by 42-62%, ODI by 55-60%, FABQ-PA by 33-53%, and FABQ-W by 47-68%. Conclusion: A structured rehabilitation program with CBT techniques led to significant reductions in pain, disability, and fear-avoidance in chronic LBP. This case series supports addressing psychosocial factors in comprehensive management.

Keywords: Chronic low back pain, Cognitive behavioural therapy, Biopsychosocial model, Rehabilitation, Case series

How to Cite?: Hellena Devi Yambem, Romi Singh Nongmaithem, Sithara Manikandan, Sumit Debnath, Manibhushan Yaikhom, "A Biopsychosocial Rehabilitation Approach Integrating Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Case Series", Volume 15 Issue 1, January 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 620-623, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26107204432, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26107204432