Developing Class II Malocclusion: A Literature Review

Dr. Mohammed Ashmil, Dr. K. Raksha Ballal, Dr. Sundeep Hedge K, Dr. Sanjana Santhosh, Dr. Shazma Sharief

Abstract: Class II malocclusion is the most common orthodontic abnormality encountered in children and adolescents which contributes and accounts for a substantial proportion of orthodontic cases worldwide. Class II malocclusion is a developmental anomaly with etiology of multifactorial origin, influenced by genes, environment, functions, and growth factors. Early detection of Class II malocclusion during the developing dentition allows for interceptive and growth-modifying treatments that can significantly enhance outcomes. Neglecting this condition during development may result in more severe skeletal discrepancies, compromised function, and psychosocial consequences necessitating extensive treatment, including orthognathic surgery, at a later age. The review emphasizes the prevalence, etiology, growth and developmental components, clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and management options of evolving Class II malocclusion. The use of functional appliances, orthopaedic treatment, and new developments in skeletal anchorage and digital technologies are addressed. Focus on evidence-based practice, timing of treatment, and the need for individualized care.

Keywords: Class II malocclusion, growth modification, functional appliances, interceptive orthodontics, skeletal discrepancy

How to Cite?: Dr. Mohammed Ashmil, Dr. K. Raksha Ballal, Dr. Sundeep Hedge K, Dr. Sanjana Santhosh, Dr. Shazma Sharief, "Developing Class II Malocclusion: A Literature Review", Volume 14 Issue 9, September 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 15-17, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25901104901, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25901104901