Hypoplasia of Left Lung with Left Pulmonary Artery Diagnosed in Middle Age: A Case Study

Dr. Vishwa Thakkar, Dr. Swati Das, Dr. Swadip Mishra, Pratima Singh, Pravati Dutta

Abstract: A rare case of unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia of the left lung associated with left pulmonary artery hypoplasia in a 48 - year - old female is reported. The patient exhibited no significant congenital anomalies in other major organ systems. She had a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections dating back to childhood, suggestive of chronic pulmonary insufficiency. Despite the underdevelopment of the left lung and its vascular supply, there was no evidence of severe cardiopulmonary compromise or additional syndromic features. Pulmonary hypoplasia, a developmental disorder characterized by incomplete lung formation, can lead to varying degrees of respiratory impairment depending on the severity of lung tissue and vascular involvement. In this case, the persistent infections highlight the clinical implications of reduced pulmonary reserve. A thorough diagnostic evaluation, including imaging and pulmonary function assessment, was essential for confirming the diagnosis and guiding management. This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare congenital pulmonary anomalies in adults with chronic respiratory symptoms.

Keywords: Left lung hypoplasia, left pulmonary artery hypoplasia, contrast - enhanced chest imaging, recurrent respiratory infection