Comparing Environmental Costs: Fossil Fuel Extraction Versus Wind Turbine Life Cycles

Kevin Hella Nyapom, David Padi

Abstract: This study investigates the environmental implications of wind energy by conducting a comparative life cycle assessment of wind turbines versus fossil fuel extraction, particularly coal and natural gas. Despite wind energy?s zero-emission operation, its material-intensive construction and end-of-life disposal contribute to notable environmental costs, including greenhouse gas emissions and non-recyclable waste. The findings suggest that while wind energy significantly reduces operational emissions, averaging 10?15 g co? per kwh compared to coal?s 820 g, its life cycle impacts deserve attention. By 2050, turbine blade waste could exceed 43 million tons globally. This paper aims to inform policy and industrial decision-making by shedding light on the often-overlooked environmental burdens of renewable energy technologies.

Keywords: Wind Turbine Life Cycle, Environmental Costs, Fossil Fuel Comparison, Renewable Energy Policy, Waste Management