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Research Paper | Medical Science | India | Volume 14 Issue 4, April 2025 | Popularity: 5.6 / 10
The Study of the ABO Blood Group Discrepancies at a Tertiary Care Center of North Rajasthan
Dr. Hemant Seegar, Dr. Arun Bharti, Dr Sonam Alha, Dr. Rishi Mathur
Abstract: Background: Blood transfusion is a critical life - saving procedure, but transfusion errors due to ABO blood group discrepancies can lead to severe complications. Discrepancies in ABO blood typing can occur due to technical errors, weak antigen or antibody expression, and medical conditions like autoimmune disorders. Accurate identification and resolution of these discrepancies are vital for ensuring safe transfusions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and causes of ABO discrepancies in a tertiary care center in North - West Rajasthan, where limited data exists. Methodology: This prospective, cross - sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 at the Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan. A total of 24, 849 patients requiring blood transfusions were included. Blood grouping was performed using the fully automated NEO Iris system. Forward and reverse blood group typing discrepancies were identified, analyzed, and resolved using additional antibody screening tests. Results: Out of 24, 849 patients, 24 discrepancies (0.96%) were noted. Discrepancies were more common in females (54.17%) than males (45.83%) and were most prevalent in the 21 - 30 years age group (25%) and patients aged 60 and above (29.17%). Type IV discrepancies were the most common (58.33%). Causes of discrepancies included autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), malignancies, weak antigen/antibody expression, and technical errors. Conclusion: This study revealed a higher prevalence of ABO discrepancies compared to previous studies, potentially due to regional genetic diversity. The findings underscore the need for rigorous testing protocols and accurate blood grouping to prevent transfusion errors.
Keywords: ABO discrepancies, blood transfusion safety, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, blood grouping errors, regional genetic diversity
Edition: Volume 14 Issue 4, April 2025
Pages: 2435 - 2437
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR25429000340
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