Artificial Intelligence and the Indian Constitution: Navigating Legal and Ethical Challenges

Dr. Sanjay Ambekar

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming governance, healthcare, and the judiciary, improving efficiency while posing significant legal and ethical challenges. As AI becomes more integrated into decision-making, its position with constitutional principles, particularly fundamental rights, requires careful examination. AI-driven governance, such as analytical policing and automated welfare distribution, has the potential to violate the right to equality (Article 14) due to algorithmic biases. Similarly, AI-powered surveillance raises serious concerns about privacy, threatening the right to life and personal liberty (Article 21). In the judiciary, AI assists in legal research and case management, enhancing productivity but also raising concerns about fairness, accountability, and due process. AI-generated judgments, if left unregulated, may lack transparency, leading to potential injustices. The absence of a comprehensive legal framework further complicates these challenges, making regulation essential. An ethical issues such as data privacy, algorithmic discrimination, and opaque AI decision-making processes require urgent attention. Policymakers and courts must ensure that AI development adheres to constitutional values by promoting fairness, transparency, and accountability. This study critically examines AI?s impact on constitutional principles, judicial interpretations, and regulatory challenges. By analysing emerging global best practices, it aims to propose a balanced governance framework that fosters innovation while safeguarding fundamental rights in India.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Indian Constitution, Legal Challenges, Ethical Considerations, Privacy

How to Cite?: Dr. Sanjay Ambekar, "Artificial Intelligence and the Indian Constitution: Navigating Legal and Ethical Challenges", Volume 14 Issue 12, December 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 236-239, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251201195321, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251201195321