A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Coccinia grandis Leaves, Stems, and Fruits

Ayesha Tabassum Abdul Kadir, Simran Dutta

Abstract: The worldwide crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that has been worsened by the drawbacks of synthetic drugs has made it necessary to urgently look for new therapeutics from nature. Coccinia grandis is a biologically rich source of phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Moreover, quantitative HPLC-DAD studies have clearly identified the most potent compounds such as quercetin hydrate and rutin hydrate that are present in a high amount. This antimicrobial effect is registered for the entire plant: the leaves have shown the potential to oppose multi-drug-resistant bacteria and, in particular, have been recognized as the only ones that can antagonize biofilm-forming, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The stem is also energetically dynamic, as one can note from the fact that ethanolic extracts of the stem have shown significant inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Besides that, the fruits are also harboring the quite effective antibacterial agents as the acetone extracts of the fruit have the highest antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The plant's comprehensive effectiveness also extends to the presence of significant antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Aspergillus Niger. These results are consistent with the use of Coccinia grandis in the production of novel drugs that selectively target complicated infections such as chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and drug-resistant urinary tract infections. To sum up, the plant Coccinia grandis is a scientifically-proven source of strong antimicrobial components, as its leaves, stems, and fruits have all shown the potential to treat a wide variety of resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Keywords: Coccinia grandis, Antimicrobial Activity, Phytochemicals, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Traditional Medicine

How to Cite?: Ayesha Tabassum Abdul Kadir, Simran Dutta, "A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Coccinia grandis Leaves, Stems, and Fruits", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1667-1670, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251124121218, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251124121218