The Impact of Hypertriglyceridemia on Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report of a Paediatric Patient with Familial Hyperlipoproteinemia

Dr. Hemadharshini S., Dr. Renuka P., Dr. Vinodhini V. M.

Abstract: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a metabolic disorder characterised by elevated serum triglyceride levels, which significantly heightens acute pancreatitis (AP) risk. In paediatric populations, with genetic predispositions such as familial hyperlipoproteinemia, the association between HTG and recurrent AP is noteworthy. This report details the case of a 6-year-old male diagnosed with familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 1. The child was admitted to the paediatric ward with a one-day history of abdominal pain and vomiting. Upon admission, laboratory tests indicated triglyceride levels of 1091 mg/dL, along with elevated serum amylase and lipase levels, which confirmed the diagnosis of acute on chronic pancreatitis. Management protocols were initiated, including intravenous fluid therapy, analgesics, and dietary modifications, and resolving symptoms. A comprehensive management plan emphasising strict dietary adherence was provided upon discharge. This case highlights the critical role of HTG as a risk factor for AP, particularly when triglyceride levels exceed 1,000 mg/dL. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involve the hydrolysis of triglycerides, producing cytotoxic free fatty acids that damage pancreatic acinar cells and initiate inflammation. Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 1, a rare genetic disorder, exacerbates lipid metabolism issues, necessitating lifelong management strategies. Despite the implemented interventions, the genetic nature of this condition requires continuous monitoring and adherence to dietary modifications to mitigate the risk of recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. The early diagnosis and comprehensive management of hypertriglyceridemia in paediatric patients are essential for reducing the risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis. Long-term management strategies should include pharmacological interventions, dietary management, and rigorous monitoring to enhance patient outcomes and prevent complications associated with chronic pancreatic damage.

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, Fatty acid, Hypertriglyceridemia, Hyperlipoproteinemia

How to Cite?: Dr. Hemadharshini S., Dr. Renuka P., Dr. Vinodhini V. M., "The Impact of Hypertriglyceridemia on Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report of a Paediatric Patient with Familial Hyperlipoproteinemia", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1596-1599, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251122133304, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251122133304