Transitioning from Clan-Based Power Sharing to Electoral Democracy: The Case of Somalia

AVV. Abdikadir Adan Mohamed

Abstract: Somalia's political evolution from the 4.5 clan-based power-sharing arrangement to a democratic electoral framework presents a complex challenge shaped by security constraints, elite resistance, and legal ambiguities. This paper critically examines Somalia's transitional journey, highlighting key constitutional reforms, institutional developments, and the role of international actors in supporting democratic consolidation. It argues that while the 4.5 model once ensured temporary political order, its persistence hinders inclusive governance and merit-based representation. Drawing on recent electoral milestones and setbacks, the paper underscores the urgency of legal clarity, political consensus, and secure infrastructure to realize One Person, One Vote elections. The analysis concludes by offering reform strategies to guide Somalia's path toward sustainable democratic governance.

Keywords: Somalia, electoral democracy, power-sharing, political transition, governance reform

How to Cite?: AVV. Abdikadir Adan Mohamed, "Transitioning from Clan-Based Power Sharing to Electoral Democracy: The Case of Somalia", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 373-380, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251101160005, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251101160005