Mapping the Paradox: A Quantitative Analysis of NATO?s Military Spending, Conflict Exposure, and Social Sustainability (2014-2023)

Aarya Sobale

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between military expenditure, conflict levels, and social sustainability among NATO countries from 2014 to 2023. Using data from SIPRI, GPI, and the World Bank, the analysis employs K-means clustering and correlational heatmapping to identify patterns in defense spending, peace indicators, and social resilience. The findings reveal that increased military expenditure does not consistently enhance peace or reduce conflict and is often negatively associated with social development. The study identifies three distinct country clusters based on expenditure profiles and security metrics. The results challenge traditional assumptions about defense spending and offer data-driven recommendations for balancing military commitments with human-centered development.

Keywords: NATO, military expenditure, peace, social sustainability, conflict dynamics

How to Cite?: Aarya Sobale, "Mapping the Paradox: A Quantitative Analysis of NATO?s Military Spending, Conflict Exposure, and Social Sustainability (2014-2023)", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 173-206, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251029213937, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251029213937