Code Smells in Software Development: A Review of Common Issues and Refactoring Approaches

Vamsi Thatikonda

Abstract: Code smells refer to symptoms in software code that may indicate deeper design problems. Although not outright defects, they can reduce maintainability over time. This paper reviews common code smells and associated refactoring techniques. Analysis of empirical studies reveals certain smells routinely relate to increased change and defect rates. Based on the review, recommendations are provided to help developers understand when and how to address code smells.

Keywords: Code smells; refactoring, software maintainability, software quality, anti-patterns, design degradation