A Rare Case of Disseminated Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Adult: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

Dr. Shashikiran K G, Dr. Salla Jagadeshwar, Dr. Ravi Shankar S N

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious, chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can disseminate to other organs. The WHO estimated that 10.6 million cases of TB occurred worldwide in 2022, 97% of them in low- and middle income countries. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in India, which accounts for about 28% of global TB cases, with an estimated 2.8 million new cases and 3.3 lakh deaths in 2022. Disseminated TB, a severe form involving multiple organs or the bloodstream, is more common in immunocompromised individuals and can involve the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and central nervous system. Represents 10?15% of extrapulmonary TB cases. It often presents with non-specific symptoms, making diagnosis difficult, but early treatment significantly improves outcomes. In this case report, we present a case of 41 years old female patient presented with breathlessness and abdominal distention who was diagnosed with disseminated TB.

Keywords: TB Meningitis Sequelae, Disseminated Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Pleural Effusion, Reactivated TB, Omental Thickening