Comprehensive Nutritional Strategies for the Management of Hypothyroidism: An Evidence-Based Review

Dr. Shwetha Bhat

Abstract: Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders globally, characterised by insufficient production of thyroid hormones. Although pharmacological replacement therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, persistent symptoms are often reported despite normalised laboratory values. This has brought attention to adjunctive therapeutic approaches, particularly nutrition-based interventions. Objective: To critically evaluate and summarise current evidence surrounding nutritional strategies for the prevention and management of hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis, with emphasis on micronutrients, dietary patterns, gut health, and integrative lifestyle factors. Methods: This narrative review includes findings from peer-reviewed clinical trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses published between 2010 and 2024. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using relevant keywords. Results: Micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D are vital for thyroid function. Specific dietary patterns including the Mediterranean diet and gluten-free diets can modulate autoimmune activity and systemic inflammation. Gut microbiota health and lifestyle components such as sleep and stress management also play crucial roles in disease modulation. Conclusion: Nutrition plays a central, under-utilised role in managing hypothyroidism. Personalised, evidence-based dietary interventions may improve symptoms, support hormone metabolism, and enhance quality of life.

Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, selenium, iodine, micronutrients, Mediterranean diet, gluten-free diet, thyroid hormones, gut microbiota, lifestyle medicine

How to Cite?: Dr. Shwetha Bhat, "Comprehensive Nutritional Strategies for the Management of Hypothyroidism: An Evidence-Based Review", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 433-435, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=MR251104115515, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/MR251104115515