Sleep Duration, Bedtime Timing, and Sleep Latency as Determinants of Hypertension in Rural Agra: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Mohd Shahnawaz Ahmad Khan, Ashib Parvez

Abstract: Background: Emerging evidence implicates sleep-related parameters as independent risk factors for hypertension, yet these dimensions remain largely uncharacterised in Indian rural community settings. Objectives: To examine the associations of sleep duration, bedtime timing (sleep timing), and sleep latency with hypertension among adults in rural Agra. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study of 410 adults (≥ 20 years), RHTC, F.H. Medical College and Hospital, Agra. Sleep parameters were assessed by self-report through a pre-tested questionnaire. BP measured per WHO guidelines. Chi-square tests applied; p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Hypertension prevalence was 70.0% in participants sleeping <4 hours/night compared with 19.4% in those sleeping >8 hours (χ²=43.52; p=0.0001). Late bedtime (after 11 PM) was associated with 46.0% hypertension vs. 30.0% for those retiring before 9 PM (χ²=11.41; p=0.0097). Prolonged sleep latency (>1 hour) was associated with 69.0% hypertension vs. 20.6% with <15 min latency (χ²=46.57; p=0.0001). Conclusions: Sleep disruption across all three dimensions is a significant and underappreciated risk factor for hypertension in rural India. Sleep health should be integrated into hypertension prevention programmes.

Keywords: hypertension, sleep duration, sleep latency, bedtime, sleep timing, rural India, Agra, circadian, cross-sectional

How to Cite?: Mohd Shahnawaz Ahmad Khan, Ashib Parvez, "Sleep Duration, Bedtime Timing, and Sleep Latency as Determinants of Hypertension in Rural Agra: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study", Volume 15 Issue 6, June 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 823-825, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26613103648, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26613103648

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