International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
Call for Papers | Fully Refereed | Open Access | Double Blind Peer Reviewed

ISSN: 2319-7064


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Research Paper | Cosmology Science | Volume 15 Issue 4, April 2026 | Pages: 1839 - 1854 | United States


Comparative Analysis of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in Standard Cosmology and a Balanced Photon-Gravity Universe Framework

Russell Crawford

Abstract: This study compares standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis with a balanced photon-gravity cosmological framework based on a zero-net-energy hypothesis. Standard BBN equations are mapped into the proposed framework and used to examine whether conventional primordial abundance predictions can be reproduced while extending discussion to cosmological origin assumptions. The manuscript presents a conceptual pre-universe cascade, photon-wavelength time formalism, and an analysis of emergent physical laws within this framework. Agreement with standard light-element abundance predictions is argued at the analytical level, while testable predictions and unresolved theoretical challenges are identified. The work is presented as a speculative but structured extension of standard cosmology requiring further formal and observational assessment.

Keywords: Primordial Nucleosynthesis, Early Universe Cosmology, Zero-Energy Cosmology, Quantum Cosmology, Baryogenesis, Cosmological Initial Conditions, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Zero-Energy Universe, Photon-Gravity Coupling, Emergence of Physical Laws, Pre-Universe Cascade, Balance Cosmology

How to Cite?: Russell Crawford, "Comparative Analysis of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in Standard Cosmology and a Balanced Photon-Gravity Universe Framework", Volume 15 Issue 4, April 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1839-1854, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26427192644, DOI: https://dx.dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26427192644

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