Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease among Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Prospective Observational Study

Ramzana Abdul Rasheed, Dr. Abhirama B.R

Abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder caused by the retrograde movement of gastric contents into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. The prevalence of GERD has increased globally due to changes in lifestyle, dietary patterns, obesity, and associated comorbidities. GERD significantly affects quality of life and may lead to complications if left untreated. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors of GERD among patients attending the gastroenterology department of a tertiary care hospital. A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of six months among 150 adult patients diagnosed with GERD. Data were collected using a structured data collection form and the Enhanced Asian Rome III Diagnostic Questionnaire (EAR3Q). Demographic variables, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle habits, dietary factors, comorbidities, and severity of symptoms were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 28, and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 150 patients, males constituted 51.3% and females 48.7%. The majority of patients belonged to the age group of 51?60 years. Based on symptom severity, 57.3% of patients had Grade I GERD symptoms, 34% had Grade II symptoms, and 8.7% had Grade III symptoms. Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, and dietary habits were found to be significantly associated with GERD.GERD is highly prevalent among middle-aged adults and is strongly associated with modifiable lifestyle and dietary risk factors. Early identification, patient education, and lifestyle modification play a crucial role in reducing disease severity and preventing complications.

Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, EAR3Q, prevalence, risk factors, lifestyle

How to Cite?: Ramzana Abdul Rasheed, Dr. Abhirama B.R, "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease among Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Prospective Observational Study", Volume 15 Issue 2, February 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 69-74, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26201112530, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26201112530