Preserving Mughal Heritage: A Historical Analysis of Humayun's Tomb Conservation

Aman Kumar Singh

Abstract: Humayun's Tomb, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in Delhi, In- dia. This monument exemplifies the significant Mughal architectural style and was constructed in the mid-16th century. It is recognized as the first grand dynastic mausoleum on the Indian Subcontinent. This research article investigates the conservation history of the tomb, spanning from its Mughal origins to the colonial era, which was characterized by British rule. This study examines the historical progression of its maintenance, emphasizing the shift from imperial patronage to a phase of decline, followed by adaptive reuse. Subsequently, restoration efforts were initiated. This research employs archival records, with historical accounts offering significant insights and contemporary reports providing supplementary de- tails. The key phases are highlighted. The initial construction was undertaken during the reign of Akbar, and maintenance continued under subsequent Mughal rulers. Deterioration increased during the 17th and 18th centuries, coinciding with imperial decline, which led to gradual decay. British modifications included alterations to gardens. Restorations in the early 20th century were led by the Viceroy Lord Curzon. The analysis underscores several interconnected factors, with the preservation of cultural heritage being paramount. Political transformations have impacted preservation efforts, and socio-economic elements have played significant roles. The tomb has experienced a symbolic evolution, initially representing Mughal authority, subsequently becoming a site of colonial leisure, and ultimately under- going systematic conservation efforts. The complexities inherent in this process are thoroughly examined, with urban encroachment posing significant threats. The influx of refugees occurred during partition. Material degradation adversely affects structures. Philosophical debates have emerged regarding various approaches. Authenticity must be balanced with the historical layers. This study contributes to the field of heritage studies by emphasizing conservation rooted in context. Adaptation is necessary in postcolonial contexts. International charters inform these practices, while Indian traditions guide their adaptations. The findings synthesize primary sources, including traveler accounts such as that of William Finch in 1611 and official ASI documents. Secondary literature supplements this analysis in the following ways. Data from UNESCO and AKTC projects were also utilized. The study concludes with implications, highlighting the need for ongoing preservation efforts in the region. Integrated urban renewal is advocated because such sites face contemporary threats.

Keywords: Charbagh, Colonial interventions, Conservation history, Delhi monuments, Heritage preservation, Humayun?s Tomb, Mughal architecture, Tomb and UNESCO World Heritage

How to Cite?: Aman Kumar Singh, "Preserving Mughal Heritage: A Historical Analysis of Humayun's Tomb Conservation", Volume 15 Issue 1, January 2026, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 249-255, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR26104135223, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR26104135223