Physical Activity with Type 1 Diabetes: Care and Best Practices

Md Kamran Khan

Abstract: The treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) depends on three key components: insulin therapy, dietary management, and consistent physical activity. Exercise places metabolic demands on the body, influenced by an individual?s energy reserves, fitness level, environmental factors, and the intensity, duration, and type of activity. These elements, combined with potential stress from competitions, affect glucose metabolism. The athletic pursuits of individuals with diabetes are often challenged by risks such as hypoglycemia during or after exercise, frequent hyperglycemia before, during, or after specific activities, the potential for ketoacidosis, and the presence of chronic microvascular or macrovascular complications. Aerobic activities tend to lower blood glucose levels, while anaerobic exercises may cause temporary hyperglycemia. Although people with diabetes can excel in sports, optimizing their physical performance requires meticulous blood glucose monitoring, appropriate adjustments to insulin doses on exercise days, and tailored nutritional strategies. This review explores the effects of physical activity on glucose metabolism, alongside dietary considerations and approaches suited for individuals with T1DM engaging in exercise.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), exercise, physical activity, blood glucose, nutrition therapy

How to Cite?: Md Kamran Khan, "Physical Activity with Type 1 Diabetes: Care and Best Practices", Volume 14 Issue 8, August 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1604-1608, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25828192716, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25828192716