Invisible Harm: The Neurological and Developmental Impact of Environmental Pollution on Children

Tarini Madra

Abstract: Environmental pollution poses a profound threat to child health, with neurological development being particularly vulnerable. This review synthesises evidence linking exposure to key pollutants-including particulate matter, heavy metals, pesticides, and organic compounds-with adverse outcomes such as cognitive impairment, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety, and psychotic symptoms. Mechanistic insights reveal that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter disruption, and endocrine interference underpin these effects, especially during critical developmental windows such as the prenatal period and the first two years of life. Beyond the brain, pollution also compromises physical growth, contributing to stunting, low birth weight, and impaired growth trajectories. Disproportionate exposure among socioeconomically disadvantaged and marginalized populations highlights the environmental justice dimension of this issue. Together, the evidence underscores the urgent need for strengthened environmental policies, equitable public health interventions, and clinical awareness to safeguard children?s neurological and developmental potential.

Keywords: child health, environmental pollution, neurodevelopment, developmental disorders, environmental justice

How to Cite?: Tarini Madra, "Invisible Harm: The Neurological and Developmental Impact of Environmental Pollution on Children", Volume 14 Issue 8, August 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1633-1640, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25824201052, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25824201052