Histopathological Study of Endometrium in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Dr. Krishna Ballabh Upadhyay, Dr. Praneeta J. Singh, Dr. Sonam Billawaria

Abstract: Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) encompasses deviations in menstrual timing, duration, or volume and is a common gynecologic concern, especially among perimenopausal women. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classifies AUB into structural (PALM) and non-structural (COEIN) causes. Histopathological analysis plays a vital role in differentiating benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Objective: To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of endometrial changes in AUB and correlate findings with clinical presentations. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at Kanti Devi Medical College, Mathura, including 417 endometrial samples from patients presenting with AUB. Exclusion criteria included gestational causes and poorly preserved samples. Samples were processed using standard histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The most common histological pattern was disordered non-secretory endometrium (42.07%), followed by secretory (34.51%) and proliferative (12.59%) endometrium. Organic lesions included endometrial polyps (36.17%) and chronic endometritis (34.04%). Neoplastic findings showed a predominance of benign lesions, but 13.33% were malignant. Postmenopausal bleeding was often associated with atrophic endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. Functional causes dominated overall, but organic lesions, particularly in women over 50, were significant. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation remains the gold standard for diagnosing AUB, especially in postmenopausal women with endometrial thickness >4 mm. Combining transvaginal ultrasound findings with histopathology enhances diagnostic accuracy. Comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension elevate endometrial cancer risk, underscoring the importance of early screening and preventive strategies.

Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, histopathology, endometrial thickness, transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial carcinoma, endometrial polyp, chronic endometritis, postmenopausal bleeding, FIGO classification, hormonal imbalance

How to Cite?: Dr. Krishna Ballabh Upadhyay, Dr. Praneeta J. Singh, Dr. Sonam Billawaria, "Histopathological Study of Endometrium in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding", Volume 14 Issue 7, July 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1560-1564, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25724131954, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25724131954