A Statistical Analysis of Student Outcomes under Different Pedagogical Approaches

Dhananjay N. Kalange

Abstract: This study uses quantitative statistical methods to compare student learning outcomes under three pedagogical approaches: traditional lecture-based instruction, active learning, and flipped-classroom models. Drawing upon data from controlled experiments and meta-analyses, we employ ANOVA, t-tests, and hierarchical modeling to evaluate differences in academic performance, engagement, and retention. Our findings reveal statistically significant improvements in active and flipped learning approaches compared to traditional methods, with effect sizes (Cohen?s d) ranging from 0.4 to 0.6. This paper discusses the implications for educators and policymakers, recommending evidence-based teaching practices supported by rigorous statistical analysis.

Keywords: Pedagogical approaches, active learning, flipped classroom, lecture-based instruction, comparative statistics, ANOVA, hierarchical linear modeling, student outcomes

How to Cite?: Dhananjay N. Kalange, "A Statistical Analysis of Student Outcomes under Different Pedagogical Approaches", Volume 14 Issue 7, July 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 776-779, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25711223902, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25711223902