The Administrative State: Features, Merits and Demerits in Modern Governance

Dr Akbar Ali, Dr. Faize Ali Shah

Abstract: The evolution of the modern administrative state is neither accidental nor merely ideological-it is a practical response to the complexities of industrialized, urban societies. This article thoughtfully unpacks how the role of the state has expanded far beyond its traditional boundaries of law enforcement, now encompassing service provision, regulation, entrepreneurship, and governance. It is evident that what once was dismissed as a ?necessary evil? has transformed into a vital mechanism for national development and public welfare. The discussion critically explores the roots of this transformation-from the Industrial Revolution's ripple effects to the necessity of delegated legislation and administrative tribunals-highlighting how these forces gradually gave rise to a powerful and deeply embedded bureaucratic apparatus. While the administrative state offers efficiency, structure, and responsiveness, this paper does not shy away from drawing attention to its pitfalls, such as bureaucratic rigidity, declining citizen initiative, and the risk of executive overreach. This suggests that although the administrative state is indispensable in our time, it must be balanced with genuine democratic oversight and public engagement. Taken together, the article presents a nuanced analysis of state functions in the 21st century, where governance must navigate the thin line between service and control.

Keywords: administrative state, bureaucracy, modern governance, delegated legislation, state functions