Assessment of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Women Over 40 Years of Age

Dr. Sai Santosh

Abstract: Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women globally, particularly post - menopause. Despite historical underrepresentation in cardiovascular research, emerging evidence highlights distinct gender - specific risk factors influencing the onset and progression of CAD in women. Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with CAD in women aged 40 years and above, focusing on both traditional and sex - specific contributors, and to raise awareness for early detection and prevention. Methods: A retrospective analytical case - control study was conducted using medical records of 200 women diagnosed with CAD over a ten - year period. Risk factors assessed included diabetes, hypertension, stress, early menopause, smoking, lifestyle, and hereditary predisposition. Statistical analysis was performed to determine associations and odds ratios. Results: The study identified psychosocial stress (94.5%), hypertension (87.5%), and diabetes mellitus (81%) as the most significant risk factors. Early menopause (69%), sedentary lifestyle (70%), and hereditary factors (71%) also showed significant associations. Passive smoking, though present in 54% of participants, was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings underscore the multifactorial etiology of CAD in women, with a particularly high burden of psychosocial and metabolic risks. These results advocate for gender - specific screening protocols, preventive strategies, and heightened clinical awareness to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women over 40 years of age.

Keywords: Coronary artery disease (CAD), Women's cardiovascular health, Postmenopausal risk, Psychosocial stress, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Early menopause, Lifestyle risk factors

How to Cite?: Dr. Sai Santosh, "Assessment of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Women Over 40 Years of Age", Volume 14 Issue 6, June 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1409-1420, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25620194922, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25620194922