Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus in Young Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study from Central India

Royal Singh, Sunil Washimkar

Abstract: Aim & objective: To study the role of diabetes mellitus in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in young adults aged < 45 years. Methods: 51 Adult cases of ST elevated myocardial infarction aged < 45 years, presenting to the Dept. of cardiology of Govt. College Nagpur were sequentially enrolled in the study. Patients were categorised into two groups: diabetics and non-diabetics based on their HbA1c levels. The clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes post intervention were compared in both groups. The student?s t-test was used to compare means of two groups. The chi square test was used for categorical data. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results and Discussion: In our study, 27 (52.94 %) subjects were diabetic and 24 (47.05 %) were non-diabetic. The average age of diabetic cases (41?2.5 years) was significantly lower as compared to non-diabetics (43?1.8 years). Female subjects were significantly more in the diabetic group as compared to the non-diabetic group. Majority of the participants in the diabetic group (92.59 %) were found to be obese and had a higher mean BMI (27.28?1.5). Hypertension, history of smoking, past history of cardiovascular disease was significantly more in the diabetic group as compared to the non-diabetic group. Sub-acute stent thrombosis post intervention was significantly more frequent among diabetic cases (8/27) as compared to non-diabetics (1/24). In our study, double and triple vessel was more common among diabetic subjects (88%) as compared to non-diabetic subjects (62 %). TIMI flow after intervention was comparable in both the groups. Conclusion: Diabetic cases of STEMI were significantly younger, more commonly female, with comparatively higher BMI and obesity. Hypertension, smoking, past history of CVD was more frequent in the diabetic group. Although the TIMI flow post intervention was comparable in both groups, sub-acute stent thrombosis was more common among diabetics.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, STEMI in young adults, cardiovascular risk factors, stent thrombosis, obesity and heart disease