Evaluating the Efficacy of TENS and Postural Training for Mechanical Low Back Pain in Pregnant Women

Srujana Kona, Shwetha SS, Anusha MC

Abstract: Background: Mechanical low back pain (LBP) is a common and debilitating condition that affects a large number of pregnant women, especially during the second trimester. It is primarily caused by physiological and biomechanical changes such as increased lumbar lordosis, ligament laxity, and postural shifts. Given the limitations on pharmacological treatments and diagnostic imaging during pregnancy, non - invasive interventions like Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and postural education are gaining popularity. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of combining TENS therapy with postural education in alleviating mechanical low back pain among pregnant women. Methodology: A quasi - experimental study was conducted involving 15 pregnant women aged 24 to 30 years, all in their second trimester and diagnosed with mechanical LBP. Participants received daily TENS therapy using the quadripolar technique at 100 Hz for 15 minutes, alongside a structured postural education program, over a 15 - day period. Pain levels were assessed before and after the intervention using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Paired t - test analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in pain levels following the intervention (t = 10.61, t critical = 2.145, p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of the combined treatment approach. Conclusion: The combination of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and postural education significantly reduces mechanical low back pain in pregnant women. This conservative treatment strategy provides a safe and effective alternative to medication, enhancing physiotherapy care during pregnancy.

Keywords: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), postural education, pregnancy, mechanical low back pain, physiotherapy, conservative treatment