A Cytopathological Evaluation of Lymphadenopathy in Tertiary Care Hospital

Vemula Surya Sena Reddy, Arisetty Himabindu, Hasham Shaik, Mandla Janaki

Abstract: Background: The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes. Viruses, bacteria, cancer cells and other undesired substances are carefully filtered out of the body by lymph nodes. Lymphadenopathy is a prevalent clinical issue that commonly causes diagnostic conundrums. A frequent issue that is diagnosed as lymphadenopathy is lymph node enlargement. Lymphadenopathy is a term used to describe an anomaly in the size and function of lymph nodes; it is also used to describe abnormally enlarged lymph nodes that are more than 10 mm in diameter. Lymphadenopathy is a prevalent clinical issue that commonly causes diagnostic conundrums. Due to its early results, ease of use, and low risk to the patient, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged as a key technique for the initial diagnosis and therapy of patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. This study's primary goal is to correlate clinical and pathological conditions that manifest as cervical lymphadenopathy. Node biopsy and open lymph will also be used to assess the role of FNAC in diagnosis. Aims & Objectives: 1. Age wise and sex wise distribution of lymphadenopathy 2. Clinicopathological correlation of lymphadenopathy. Materials & Methods: This retrospective study was carried out over a period of One year in the department of pathology at Santhiram medical college & General hospital, Nandyal from Jan 2024 to Dec.2024 The study involved 70 patients in total. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed on each of the 70 patients. Excision biopsy was performed wherever required. In all cases, a pathological diagnosis was made. As needed baseline investigations, fine needle aspiration cytology, excision biopsy, throat, ear, and nose examinations were performed. Result: This study involved 70 patients in total.30 of the 70 patients had IPD, and the others had OPD. In this investigation, FNAC and biopsy were performed on all patients and required patients respectively. The majority of observers in this study had tubercular lymphadenitis.70 patients were treated, of which 40 (57.2%) were male and 30 (42.8%) were female. There were the most patients in the age groups of 20 to 30 years (35.7%) and 30 to 40 years (25.7 %), followed by 10 to 20 years (20%). Out of 70 patients, 45 (64.3%) had Tubercular Lymphadenitis, and 10 (14.3%) had Chronic Non - Specific Lymphadenitis, Nine individuals (12.9%) were found to have reactive lymphadenitis, while three (4.3%) were found to have malignant secondary tumors, two (2.8%) to have lymphomas, and one (1.4%) to have non - Hodgkin's lymphoma. Conclusion: Following a clinical assessment of the lymphadenopathy, most common age group affected were 20 to 30 years (35.7%). Males (57.2%) are most commonly affected than females (42.8%) with Tuberculous lymphadenitis (64.3%) as most common diagnosis. The essential prerequisite for this is expert input. In lymphoma cases where a biopsy is used as a diagnostic technique, it is also beneficial. When the FNAC report is suspicious; a biopsy is highly beneficial for an accurate diagnosis and course of treatment in nonspecific lymphadenitis.

Keywords: cervical lymphadenopathy, fine needle aspiration cytology, biopsy, tubercular lymphadenitis, clinical diagnosis

How to Cite?: Vemula Surya Sena Reddy, Arisetty Himabindu, Hasham Shaik, Mandla Janaki, "A Cytopathological Evaluation of Lymphadenopathy in Tertiary Care Hospital", Volume 14 Issue 5, May 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1140-1143, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25516204517, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25516204517