Pregnant Women's Knowledge of Non-Pharmacological Techniques for Pain Relief During Childbirth

Dr. Katta Vineela, Dr. Jikki Kalaiselvi, Dr. Vijayalakshmi Gnanasekaran

Abstract: Background: Labor pain in expectant mothers present significant psychological and physiological challenge, influencing their childbirth experience and mode of delivery. Despite the widespread availability in healthcare centres on the pharmacological treatments for pain relief, the potential risks to both the mother and newborn make their use a carefully considered decision. Non - pharmacological techniques offer safe, cost - effective alternatives with potential benefits, yet many pregnant women remain unaware of these options. Methods: A cross - sectional observational study had been conducted among 100 antenatal women (gestational age >36 weeks) attending antenatal clinics. Further, data had been collected using a structured questionnaire by assessing knowledge levels, demographic characteristics and willingness to use non - pharmacological techniques for pain relief. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses that includes logistic regression and chi - square tests that had been applied for determining the factors influencing knowledge levels. Results: The findings had pointed out that 65% of participants had a dearth of knowledge related to non - pharmacological methods for pain relief methods. However, 80% expressed interest in learning and utilizing these techniques. Breathing exercises (55%), position changes (50%), and warm showers (45%) were the most recognized methods, whereas acupuncture (20%) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) (15%) were the least known. Higher education levels (p<0.05) and antenatal class attendance (p<0.01) were significantly associated with increased awareness. Younger women (18 - 25 years) and primigravida women exhibited greater openness to utilizing these techniques. Conclusion: A significant knowledge gap was highlighted by the stud in regards to non - pharmacological methods for pain relief among pregnant women. Antenatal education plays a crucial role in increasing awareness and encouraging these techniques? adoption. Integration of structured educational programs into routine antenatal care can promote a positive childbirth experience, enhance maternal confidence and reduce fear of labor.

Keywords: Breathing techniques, non-pharmacological pain relief, labor pain, maternal health, childbirth, antenatal education, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), acupuncture