Reconciling Indigenous Rights and Investment Agendas: Land Governance Challenges Under Indonesia?s Cipta Kerja Omnibus Law in Natural Resource Exploitation

St. Laksanto Utomo, Lenny Nadriana

Abstract: Land disputes in Indonesia remain a deep-rooted challenge, worsened by fragmented regulations and social inequality. The Cipta Kerja Omnibus Law (2020) has aggravated these issues by prioritizing investment and weakening protections for indigenous communities. This paper examines the law?s effects on land governance, revealing how centralized permitting and weakened community consultations deepen tensions between investors and indigenous communities. Through case studies of mining conflicts in Rembang and Lumajang, it highlights how overlapping sectoral regulations undermine the Basic Agrarian Law (BAL/UUPA 1960). It recommends aligning the Basic Agrarian Law with Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC), instituting a centralized land governance agency, and legally securing indigenous land rights. These reforms aim to balance economic growth with social justice and constitutional values.

Keywords: Cipta Kerja Law, Indigenous Land Rights, Basic Agrarian Law, Investment Conflicts, Legal Harmonization

How to Cite?: St. Laksanto Utomo, Lenny Nadriana, "Reconciling Indigenous Rights and Investment Agendas: Land Governance Challenges Under Indonesia?s Cipta Kerja Omnibus Law in Natural Resource Exploitation", Volume 14 Issue 5, May 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 677-682, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR25507104937, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR25507104937