Advancing Biophotovoltaics: Comparative Study of Light-Harvesting Capabilities in Diverse Photosynthetic Organisms

Dr. Seema Vilas Khadatare

Abstract: Biophotovoltaics (BPVs) offer a promising alternative for sustainable energy production by harnessing the light-harvesting capabilities of photosynthetic organisms. This comparative study investigated the light-harvesting efficiencies of diverse photosynthetic organisms, including cyanobacteria, green algae, purple bacteria, and higher plants, to determine their suitability for BPV applications. Cyanobacteria and green algae exhibit efficient light absorption across a wide spectrum, owing to their specialized light-harvesting complexes and high surface-to-volume ratios. Purple bacteria possess unique reaction centers that enable near-infrared light absorption and rapid electron transfer. Higher plants, although more complex, have the potential for efficient light harvesting through engineered systems that utilize their photosynthetic components. Key factors influencing the performance of BPVs include pigment composition, surface area, electron transfer efficiency, and stability. Challenges in BPV advancement, such as biological component stabilization, scalability, and energy conversion efficiency, are discussed. Future research should focus on genetic engineering, hybrid systems, and exploration of novel photosynthetic organisms to enhance the viability of BPVs. The integration of BPVs with existing energy infrastructure, including hybrid systems with conventional photovoltaic cells and grid integration, is crucial for their widespread adoption. The environmental impact and sustainability of BPVs are also considered, emphasizing their potential for low-carbon emissions and biodegradability. This study highlights the importance of understanding the diverse light-harvesting strategies of photosynthetic organisms to advance BPV technology as a sustainable and renewable energy solution.

Keywords: Biophotovoltaics, light harvesting, photosynthetic organisms, Cyanobacteria, Green algae, purple bacteria, higher plants