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Analysis Study Research Paper | Chemistry | India | Volume 14 Issue 4, April 2025 | Popularity: 6.6 / 10
Green Adsorption of Bismuth (III) Ions Using Trachyspermum copticum: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies
Anjana Gupta, Animesh Agarwal, Nitin Kumar Agrawal
Abstract: The emergent demand for industrial and pharmaceutical products has contributed to increasing environmental pollution, including contamination by Bismuth (Bi(III)), a heavy metal widely used in semiconductors, metallurgy, and medicinal applications. Due to its potential toxicity and adverse effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems, the efficient removal of Bi(III) from aqueous environments is of significant concern. Among various treatment strategies, adsorption stands out as a promising, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable method. This study explores the use of Ajwain seeds (Trachyspermum copticum) as a low-cost natural biosorbent for the removal of Bi(III) from aqueous solutions. Ajwain seeds were processed through washing, drying, and sieving, and then characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess their functional groups and surface morphology. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the influence of key parameters such as contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and agitation speed on Bi(III) removal efficiency. The results indicated a maximum removal efficiency of 98.62% under optimized conditions: 240 minutes contact time, 700 mg adsorbent dose, and 250 mg/dm? initial Bi(III) concentration. The adsorption behavior conformed well to the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption, while kinetic data best fit the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Ajwain seeds as a green and effective biosorbent, offering a sustainable solution for the remediation of Bi(III) contaminated water.
Keywords: Adsorption isotherms; Bismuth adsorption; Environmental remediation; Heavy metal removal; Kinetics and thermodynamics; Natural adsorbents; Water purification
Edition: Volume 14 Issue 4, April 2025
Pages: 810 - 818
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR25407174031
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