The Kosi River: Origin, Challenges, and Solutions for Sustainable Management

Aradhana Kumari

Abstract: The Kosi River, often called the "Sorrow of Bihar", originates in the Himalayas and is characterized by its high sediment load and frequent shifts in course (Government of India, 2020). These factors contribute to devastating floods, causing displacement and damage to infrastructure and agriculture (NDMA, 2019). This paper examines the river?s origin, course, and impact on Bihar, analyzing historical and modern flood management strategies. Using the Exner equation, we model riverbed elevation changes to understand sediment transport dynamics. Solutions such as river interlinking, embankments, and traditional water management techniques from ancient Indian civilizations (Arthashastra, Brihat Samhita) are explored. The findings suggest that an integrated approach, combining modern infrastructure projects with indigenous water conservation methods, is essential for sustainable flood management.

Keywords: Kosi River, Bihar Floods, River Interlinking, Ancient Water Management, Himalayan Rivers, Sediment Load, River Shifting, Water Conservation