Optic Neuritis: A Comprehensive Review

Dr. Mohan Kumar, Dr. Sangeetha Raja, Dr. Praveen Kumar, Dr. Pranav Kumar

Abstract: Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory demyelinating condition affecting the optic nerve, often associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases. It presents with acute or subacute vision loss, pain on eye movement, and dyschromatopsia. Diagnosis is primarily clinical but may be supported by imaging and electrophysiological tests. Management strategies include corticosteroids and immunomodulatory therapies, with an overall favorable visual prognosis in isolated cases. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, management, and prognosis of ON, integrating data from recent ophthalmology literature.

Keywords: optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, demyelination, corticosteroids