Case Series of Prenatal Imaging of Fetal Anomalies in Ultrasound: A Radiologic Prospective

Dr. Poludasu Anusha, Dr. D. Gnana Priya, Dr. J. Sai Tarani, Dr. Nithish Kumar Yeslawath

Abstract: Prenatal imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection and evaluation of fetal anomalies, allowing for timely diagnosis, counselling, and management. Ultrasound remains the primary modality for fetal anomaly screening due to its accessibility, safety, and high-resolution imaging capabilities. This review explores the radiologic perspective on ultrasound-based prenatal imaging, detailing the role of different ultrasound techniques, including two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and Doppler imaging, in assessing structural and functional fetal abnormalities. Common congenital anomalies affecting the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and musculoskeletal structures are discussed, along with their characteristic ultrasound findings. Additionally, the integration of adjunct imaging modalities such as fetal MRI is highlighted, particularly for complex or inconclusive cases. Advancements in artificial intelligence and emerging ultrasound technologies further enhance diagnostic accuracy and prognostic assessment. Understanding the strengths and limitations of ultrasound in fetal anomaly detection is essential for radiologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists to optimize prenatal care and improve perinatal outcomes.

Keywords: Prenatal, Ultrasound, Chairi malformation, club foot, Aqueductal stenosis