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Research Paper | Medicine | India | Volume 14 Issue 2, February 2025 | Popularity: 5.6 / 10
Association of Glycemic Control and Inflammation with Sexual Function Indices: Insights from the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in Diabetes Mellitus
Deepanshu Dhaneshry, Manoj Kumar Mathur, Ajeet Kumar Chaurasia, Anubha Srivastava, Anand Singh
Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide. It is responsible for most of the world?s burden of preventable blindness, end stage renal disease. It disrupts sexual function in both men and women via diabetic - induced end organ damage and psychological stress. Men with diabetes have a threefold increased risk of erectile dysfunction as compared with non - diabetic men similarly contributing to significant morbidity in females. Erectile dysfunction (ED) can be taken as marker for sexual dysfunction for males, measured by International Index of Erectile Function. While female dysfunction can be measured in domain of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain via the or Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is easy to obtain marker. Change in NLR over time can serve as marker of inflammation. While glycemic control?s impact on sexual dysfunction is known, the role of inflammatory markers like neutrophil - to - lymphocyte ratio in diabetic sexual dysfunction is less understood. Methodology: This cross - sectional observational study included 110 diabetic patients aged 18 years or older from Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, India. Participants completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) or Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires, assessing sexual function across multiple domains. NLR and HbA1c levels were measured, along with other clinical parameters (e. g., complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, lipid profile). Statistical analysis utilized Chi - square and paired t - tests to compare data, with significance set at p < 0.05. Spearman's correlation was applied to examine associations between NLR, HbA1c, age, and sexual dysfunction scores. Results: Sexual dysfunction was reported in 51.8% of the participants, with a higher prevalence in males (58.2%) than females (35.5%). In males, significant negative correlations were found between sexual dysfunction score and both the neutrophil - to - lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (rho = - 0.279, p = 0.013) and HbA1c (rho = - 0.345, p = 0.002), suggesting that higher NLR and HbA1c levels are associated with increased sexual dysfunction. In females, significant negative correlations were observed between sexual dysfunction score and NLR (rho = - 0.383, p = 0.034), indicating that higher NLR may contribute to sexual dysfunction in this group. Males with sexual dysfunction had higher HbA1c levels (10.42% ? 3.34) compared to those without (8.83% ? 2.58, p = 0.025). Similarly, females with sexual dysfunction exhibited higher HbA1c levels (10.36% ? 4.17) compared to those without (7.94% ? 2.29, p = 0.044). Elevated HbA1c and NLR was associated with more severe sexual dysfunction in both genders, as indicated by lower IIEF and FSFI scores. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant association between poor glycemic control and inflammation with sexual dysfunction in diabetic individuals. Higher HbA1c and NLR levels were linked to more severe sexual dysfunction, underscoring the need for optimal glycemic management to improve sexual health and quality of life in this population.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Sexual Dysfunction, Glycemic Control, HbA1c, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)
Edition: Volume 14 Issue 2, February 2025
Pages: 1707 - 1715
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR25224004649
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