Facial Measurements Aid in Determining Vertical Dimension - A Short Span Clinical Study

Dr. Niranjana Kangeyapathi, Dr. Arun Priyatharshini, Dr. Angelin Daisy, Dr. G. Brundha Vinayak, Dr. G. R. Gowthami, Dr. K. M. Seneha

Abstract: Background: The vertical dimension of occlusion is pivotal in dental rehabilitation, vital for the durability and effectiveness of dental prostheses, and ensuring optimal occlusal harmony and patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, the lack of a universally accepted, fully accurate assessment method remains a significant challenge. Aim: To evaluate the vertical dimension of occlusion in individuals with normal occlusion using various facial measurements and to compare these methods to establish the most accurate technique. Materials and Methods: Fifty individuals with normal occlusion were selected. Four facial measurements were recorded: interpupillary distance (A), distance between inner and outer canthus (B), distance from outer canthus/pupil to mouth corner (C), and distance from glabella to subnasion (D). These measurements were compared with the Niswonger technique (E) using descriptive analysis and paired t-tests. Subjects were positioned under perpendicularly placed ruler scales. Photographs were taken from 5 feet using a tripod-mounted camera. Facial measurements were then taken from the photographs and calibrated using vernier caliper software. Results: Landmark A, B, C and D had a mean value of 6.51mm, 6.48mm, 6.41mm and 6.38mm respectively. Niswonger technique (E) had a mean value of 6.36mm. Measurements A and B showed significant differences compared to the Niswonger technique, while measurements C and D did not. This suggests varying reliability among anatomical landmarks for assessing the vertical dimension. Conclusion: Measurements C and D, demonstrate reliability in determining the vertical dimension of occlusion. These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians in treatment planning and occlusal rehabilitation, contributing to improved treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Keywords: Vertical dimension, Niswonger method, Facial measurements, Vernier caliper