Utilizing Electrolyte Additives to Improve Cycling of High-Voltage and Next-Generation Lithium Battery Systems

Ivin James

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the dominant energy storage technology for electric vehicles and portable electronics, yet their long-term performance remains constrained by capacity fade and impedance growth during extended cycling. These degradation mechanisms are primarily linked to unstable interfaces between the electrode and the liquid electrolyte, leading to continuous electrolyte decomposition, loss of active lithium, and structural damage to electrode materials. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of electrolyte additives-a cost-effective and highly tunable strategy-in mitigating these challenges and substantially improving the cycle life of LIBs. The paper systematically explores various classes of functional additives based on their chemical composition and targeted function, including film-forming additives, scavengers, flame retardants, and overcharge protectants. A major focus is placed on film-forming additives such as Vinylene Carbonate (VC), Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC), Lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), and Lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB). These compounds preferentially decompose on the anode (e.g., graphite, Si-based anodes) and/or cathode (e.g., Ni-rich {NMC} and high-voltage spinels) surfaces at lower potentials than the bulk electrolyte. Ultimately, this paper synthesizes cutting-edge research to present a clear picture of how molecular engineering of the electrolyte interphases via additives is a decisive factor in achieving the high energy density, extended calendar life, and enhanced safety required for future high-performance LIBs.

Keywords: lithium ion batteries, additives, electrolyte, cycle life, solid electrolyte interphase

How to Cite?: Ivin James, "Utilizing Electrolyte Additives to Improve Cycling of High-Voltage and Next-Generation Lithium Battery Systems", Volume 14 Issue 12, December 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 956-958, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251213205222, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251213205222