Mathematical and Numerical Modeling of Blood Solidification and Rupture in Stenosed Arteries Using a Fluid-Structure Interaction Framework

Nayan Biswas

Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive mathematical and numerical model describing the solidification and rupture mechanisms of blood flow in stenosed arteries through a coupled fluid?structure interaction (FSI) approach. Blood is modeled as a non-Newtonian, incompressible fluid obeying a modified Carreau model with time-dependent viscosity, while the arterial wall is treated as a hyperelastic solid governed by quasi-static equilibrium equations. The coupled system integrates the incompressible Navier?Stokes equations with the structural deformation equations under appropriate interface conditions ensuring energy consistency. Numerical simulations are performed in a two-dimensional domain using the finite element package FreeFem++. The model examines the evolution of flow velocity, viscosity, and wall shear stress under pulsatile flow conditions. Results reveal the formation of recirculation zones downstream of the stenosis and the emergence of a high-viscosity, low-speed region corresponding to a potential blood solidification zone. This region is identified as the probable site of clot formation, which is subsequently subjected to mechanical stresses from both the blood flow and arterial wall deformation, leading to rupture and potential embolism. The developed framework provides novel insights into the hemodynamic mechanisms underlying thrombosis and embolic events and contributes to the predictive modeling of cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Keywords: Fluid-structure interaction, Non-Newtonian blood flow, Carreau model, Wall shear stress, Solidification zone, Rupture dynamics

How to Cite?: Nayan Biswas, "Mathematical and Numerical Modeling of Blood Solidification and Rupture in Stenosed Arteries Using a Fluid-Structure Interaction Framework", Volume 14 Issue 12, December 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 714-721, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251208160309, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251208160309