Role of Omega-3 Supplementation in Clinical and Athletic Populations

Tarayul Niharika, Naga Jyothi Ala, Maheshwar Mekam

Abstract: Omega-3 fatty acids may play a crucial role in muscle sparing by enhancing muscle protein synthesis and reducing proteolytic breakdown, ultimately supporting lean muscle mass and strength in athletes, particularly those engaged in resistance training. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties help mitigate post-exercise inflammation, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lessen the severity of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Omega-3s also influence key biochemical markers of muscle damage, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), and activate the mTOR signalling pathway essential for muscle protein synthesis. Additionally, they enhance insulin and amino acid sensitivity in muscle cells, aiding in nutrient retention post-exercise. Given the low bioavailability of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fish oil supplementation is often recommended. However, most studies to date have been conducted in amateur athletes or general populations, with a lack of focused research in elite sports contexts. Long-term clinical trials are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for omega-3 intake to optimize athletic performance and muscle health. This paper touches upon the potential implications of omega-3 that can be followed in sports.

Keywords: Omega-3, Muscle protein synthesis, sarcopenia, athletes, recovery

How to Cite?: Tarayul Niharika, Naga Jyothi Ala, Maheshwar Mekam, "Role of Omega-3 Supplementation in Clinical and Athletic Populations", Volume 14 Issue 11, November 2025, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1852-1857, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR251126225631, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR251126225631